Cách chọn máy tiện CNC: Hướng dẫn lựa chọn dành cho các xưởng gia công

Hướng dẫn mua máy tiện CNC

Việc lựa chọn máy tiện CNC phù hợp được quyết định bởi năm yếu tố phụ thuộc vào chi tiết gia công: đường kính tối đa qua bàn máy, chiều dài tiện giữa hai tâm, độ cứng vật liệu, dải dung sai và khối lượng sản xuất hàng năm. Một máy có đường kính quay tối đa 360 mm, chiều dài bàn máy 750 mm, trục chính 5,5 kW và độ chính xác định vị ±0,015 mm có thể gia công các chi tiết trục và mặt bích bằng thép cacbon loại 90%. Các chi tiết bằng hợp kim đã qua xử lý nhiệt hoặc Inconel đòi hỏi công suất trục chính từ 11 kW trở lên, đầu trục chính loại A2-6 hoặc A2-8, và hệ thống dẫn hướng con lăn tuyến tính thay vì đường dẫn hộp để đảm bảo quá trình gia công liên tục.

The rest of this page translates your part requirements into machine specifications. We cover flat-bed versus slant-bed geometry, control system selection by operator skill level, power supply constraints including 380V 50Hz to 220V 60Hz conversion, and the weight and foundation requirements that determine your loading and installation costs. Each section ends with a pass-or-fail specification threshold you can apply to supplier quotations.

From Part Geometry to Machine Size

Maximum swing over bed sets the hard limit. Measure your largest diameter plus fixture clearance. Add 50 mm minimum for tool interference. Standard classes: 360 mm, 460 mm, 560 mm, 660 mm, and 800 mm. Turning length between centers must exceed your longest shaft by at least 100 mm to allow center drill and tailstock engagement. Typical pairings: 750 mm bed for shafts under 600 mm, 1000 mm or 1500 mm for drive shafts and hydraulic cylinders. Chuck size scales with swing: 200 mm (8 inch) on 360 mm machines, 250 mm (10 inch) on 460 mm, 320 mm (12 inch) on 560 mm, 380 mm (15 inch) on 660 mm. Heavier chucks require larger spindle bearings and more powerful motors.

Material Hardness and Spindle Power

Carbon steel and cast iron up to 45 HRC cut reliably with 5.5 kW to 7.5 kW spindle power at 2500 rpm to 3500 rpm maximum. 4140 pre-hard, stainless 316, and tool steels need 11 kW to 15 kW with torque-optimized lower speed ranges of 1500 rpm to 2000 rpm. Inconel and titanium demand 18.5 kW or higher, through-spindle coolant at 20 bar minimum, and ceramic or CBN insert capability. Spindle nose specification: A2-5 for light to medium duty, A2-6 for 11 kW to 15 kW class, A2-8 for heavy turning and large chuck applications.

Tolerance Requirements and Machine Construction

Positioning accuracy of ±0.010 mm and repeatability of ±0.005 mm achieves IT6 to IT7 tolerance bands with stable process control. For IT5 or tighter, specify machines with ±0.005 mm positioning and ±0.003 mm repeatability, typically requiring linear roller guideways (HIWIN or PMI) on X and Z axes rather than hardened box ways. Box ways absorb more vibration and tolerate interrupted cuts but sacrifice 20% to 30% in rapid traverse speed. Casting grade matters: HT250 suits general work, HT300 or Meehanite castings reduce thermal drift in precision applications. Machine net weight correlates with rigidity: expect 2800 kg for a 360 mm swing flat bed, 4500 kg for a 560 mm slant bed.

Batch Size and Control System Selection

Annual volume below 500 pieces favors manual programming on GSK 980TDb or KND K1000Ti systems. Operators learn in days, not weeks. Volumes above 2000 pieces justify FANUC 0i-TF Plus or Siemens 828D with macro programming, tool life management, and Ethernet for DNC. Syntec and Mitsubishi occupy the middle ground with solid turning cycles at lower cost. Dealer support availability in your region matters more than feature lists for controls you cannot service.

Power Supply and Export Practicalities

Standard Chinese build is 380V three-phase 50Hz. North American buyers need 220V 60Hz or 460V 60Hz with transformer and sometimes motor rewind. Budget $800 to $2500 for transformer and installation by a licensed electrician. Foundation: slant bed machines 560 mm and above need 150 mm reinforced concrete with anchor bolts; flat beds under 500 kg may run on precision leveling pads. Unloading requires forklift capacity matching 120% of machine net weight, or overhead crane with 2-ton minimum for medium lathes. CIF pricing by class: 360 mm flat bed $18,000 to $25,000; 460 mm slant bed $28,000 to $38,000; 560 mm slant bed with turret and tailstock $42,000 to $58,000; 660 mm heavy duty $65,000 to $90,000. Container loading: one 20-foot container fits machines up to 3600 kg; larger units need 40-foot flat rack or disassembly of tailstock and chip conveyor.

Danh sách kiểm tra các ứng viên lọt vào vòng chung kết

Verify each item against your part requirements and supplier quotation:

• [ ] Swing over bed exceeds largest part diameter by 50 mm minimum
• [ ] Turning length between centers exceeds longest shaft by 100 mm
• [ ] Spindle power and nose size match material hardness and chuck diameter
• [ ] Positioning accuracy and repeatability support target tolerance band
• [ ] Guideway type matches your priority: rigidity (box way) or speed and precision (linear roller)
• [ ] Control system aligns with operator skill and annual batch volume
• [ ] Power supply voltage and frequency match, or transformer cost included
• [ ] Machine weight and floor space fit existing foundation and unloading equipment
• [ ] CE documentation, operation manual, and spare parts list confirmed in Incoterms
• [ ] Installation, leveling, and operator training scope defined in contract

Các loại và cấu hình của máy tiện CNC

Loại hoặc Lớp	Phạm vi làm việc điển hình	Tùy chọn điều khiển	Phù hợp nhất với	Ghi chú
Máy tiện CNC bàn phẳng	Max turning diameter 400–800 mm, length 750–3000 mm, chuck 200–380 mm	GSK 980TDi, KND K2000Ti, Siemens 828D, FANUC 0i-TF	Shafts, flanges, oilfield couplings, agricultural equipment; first CNC for conventional shops transitioning from engine lathes	Box ways on X/Z, lower rpm ceiling than slant beds, excellent for interrupted cuts on cast iron; weight 3500–8500 kg
Máy tiện CNC giường nghiêng (2 trục)	Max turning diameter 360–520 mm, length 500–1000 mm, chuck 160–250 mm	FANUC 0i-TF, Mitsubishi M80, Syntec 22TA, Siemens 828D	Automotive fasteners, hydraulic fittings, medical implants, precision batch work	30°–45° slant bed chip evacuation, linear roller guides (HIWIN/PMI), rapid traverse 20–36 m/min, positioning ±0.008 mm, repeatability ±0.003 mm
Slant Bed Turning Center (C/Y Axis or Live Tool)	Same base as 2-axis plus Y±50 mm, C-axis spindle indexing 0.001°	FANUC 0i-TF Plus, Siemens 828D SL, Mitsubishi M80	Milled flats, drilled cross-holes, polygonal profiles, pump bodies with off-center features	Live tool turret (ER32/ER40 collets), sub-spindle optional, price premium 40–60% over 2-axis; spindle power 11–18.5 kW, 4000–6000 rpm
Heavy Duty Flat Bed CNC Lathe	Swing over bed 800–1600 mm, length 1500–8000 mm, chuck 400–800 mm	Siemens 828D, FANUC 0i-TF, GSK 980TDi	Wind turbine shafts, marine propellers, large rollers for steel mills, oil country tubular goods	HT300 or Meehanite casting 12,000–45,000 kg, hardened box ways, spindle bore 130–320 mm, spindle power 22–75 kW, 800–1500 rpm
Swiss-Type Sliding Headstock Lathe	Bar capacity 3–38 mm diameter, up to 12 axes with back-working attachments	FANUC 32i-B, Mitsubishi M80, Citizen/LNS proprietary	Watch components, connector pins, surgical screws, long slender shafts L/D > 6	Guide bushing requires ground bar stock, oil-cooled cutting, sub-spindle and part catcher standard; not for chucked work or large diameters
Máy tiện CNC đứng (VTL)	Max turning diameter 1000–4000 mm, max height 800–2000 mm, table 800–2500 mm	Siemens 840D sl, FANUC 31i-B, Mitsubishi M80	Brake drums, flywheels, large gears, aerospace rings, short heavy parts	Table load 2–40 tonnes, double column or single column, hydrostatic or roller guideways; floor space 4 m × 4 m to 12 m × 12 m

Máy tiện CNC bàn phẳng

Flat bed CNC lathes preserve the horizontal bed layout of conventional engine lathes but add ballscrew-driven axes and programmable control. Typical specifications include X-axis travel 200–400 mm, Z-axis travel 750–3000 mm, spindle nose A2-5 to A2-8, and spindle power 7.5–15 kW at 1500–2500 rpm. Buyers are typically job shops in India, Vietnam, or Egypt upgrading from manual turning, or technical training centres needing a familiar geometry for student instruction. The flat bed’s broad chip pan and open access simplify setup of awkward shafts, but the horizontal bed traps chips against the ways, requiring more frequent scraping and way-cover maintenance than slant designs. These machines rarely exceed 4000 rpm in standard form, so they are poorly suited to small-diameter aluminium work requiring high surface speed. A 380V 50Hz supply is standard; 220V 60Hz markets such as Colombia or Saudi Arabia need a step-up transformer or inverter-duty motor reconfiguration.

Máy tiện CNC giường nghiêng (2 trục)

The slant bed CNC lathe dominates new machine sales because the angled casting (30° to 45°) uses gravity to clear chips into a conveyor, keeping thermal distortion away from the cutting zone. RUNNEWTECH builds these with linear roller guides (HIWIN or PMI) achieving rapid traverse to 30 m/min and positioning accuracy within ±0.008 mm on a 500 mm swing class. Control options cluster around FANUC 0i-TF for Middle Eastern automotive suppliers, Siemens 828D for Eastern European firms with existing Siemens milling machines, and GSK 980TDi for African job shops prioritising spare part availability from local distributors. Typical buyers run 500–5000 piece batches of hydraulic fittings, bearing races, or motorcycle components. The limitation is geometric: without Y-axis or live tooling, every cross-hole, flat, or hex must be a secondary milling or grinding operation, adding handling cost and concentricity risk.

Slant Bed Turning Center (C/Y Axis or Live Tool)

Adding a C-axis spindle encoder and driven tools converts a slant bed lathe into a turning centre capable of off-axis drilling, tapping, and light milling. Y-axis travel of ±25 mm to ±50 mm lets the live tool reach features not on the centreline. Spindle power rises to 11–22 kW, with torque-optimised ranges of 2000–4000 rpm for steel and 6000 rpm for aluminium. The turret holds 12 stations, typically VDI 40 or BMT 55 tooling interfaces. Buyers are Tier 2 automotive suppliers in Mexico and Thailand, medical device contract manufacturers in Malaysia, and valve makers in Turkey who need complete machining in one clamping. What it cannot do: the live tool is not a machining centre; radial milling lacks the rigidity of a BT40 vertical mill, and deep cavity work or heavy side-milling will chatter and shorten tool life. The price premium over a 2-axis slant bed is substantial—expect $45,000–$75,000 FOB depending on control and sub-spindle options—so shops with genuine multi-face work should evaluate whether a twin-spindle turn-mill or a separate machining centre is more productive.

Heavy Duty Flat Bed CNC Lathe

These machines scale the flat bed concept to workpiece masses measured in tonnes rather than kilograms. A 1000 mm swing model with 3000 mm between centres weighs 18,000–25,000 kg, ships in a 40-foot open-top container, and requires a 50-tonne crane for unloading. Spindle bores of 200–400 mm pass oil pipe or large forged blanks. Controls are typically Siemens 828D or FANUC 0i-TF with manual handwheel retraction for safety during heavy interrupted cuts. Buyers include steel mill roll shops in Brazil, wind energy component suppliers in Poland, and railway axle manufacturers in South Africa. The trade-off is speed: maximum spindle speeds of 800–1200 rpm and rapid traverse below 10 m/min reflect the inertia of large chucks and workpieces, not the limitation of the drive. These machines are unsuitable for small precision batches; the thermal mass of the casting takes hours to stabilise, and tooling cost per edge is high when applied to 50 mm shafts.

Swiss-Type Sliding Headstock Lathe

Swiss-type lathes move the bar stock through a guide bushing while tools cut immediately adjacent to the support point, eliminating deflection on length-to-diameter ratios exceeding 10:1. Bar capacity ranges from 3 mm for watch components to 38 mm for automotive sensor housings. Axis counts of 7 to 13 include overlapping slides and a back-working spindle that machines the parted-off rear face. Controls are almost exclusively FANUC or Mitsubishi with customised PLC cycles for bar loader integration. Buyers are medical device specialists in Costa Rica, connector manufacturers in Vietnam, and precision subcontractors in Romania serving German automotive. The machine cannot chuck cast or forged blanks; it demands ground or precision-drawn bar stock, and the guide bushing clearance must match material diameter within 0.02 mm. Setup time is long—tooling a 12-station drum for a new family of parts may take four hours—so batch sizes below 200 pieces rarely justify the changeover.

Máy tiện CNC đứng (VTL)

Vertical CNC lathes clamp short, heavy, or disc-shaped parts to a horizontal table rotating on a hydrostatic or roller bearing turntable. The ram or gantry-mounted tool system machines the outer diameter, face, and bore in vertical planes. Table diameters of 1000–4000 mm accommodate brake drums, gear blanks, and pump impellers weighing up to 40 tonnes. Controls are Siemens 840D sl or FANUC 31i-B with gear cutting packages optional. Buyers are mining equipment rebuilders in Chile, shipyards in Turkey, and wind tower flange producers in India. The VTL cannot machine long shafts; workpiece height is constrained by ram travel and gantry clearance, and the footprint per unit of working volume is large—a 2500 mm table machine needs 8 m × 8 m of floor space plus crane aisle. Foundation requirements are critical: a 30-tonne table load at 100 rpm generates substantial overturning moment, and inadequate concrete or missing anchor bolts will destroy accuracy within months.

Decision Shortlist Checklist

Use this five-point filter before requesting quotations:

• Phần bao thư: Measure your largest diameter and length. Add 20% for chuck clearance and tool overhang. If your largest part is 600 mm diameter × 1500 mm long, a flat bed 660 mm swing × 2000 mm length is the minimum; a slant bed 520 mm swing is too small.
• Material and cut severity: Cast iron interrupted cuts need box ways and low rpm (flat bed or heavy duty). Aluminium or free-cutting steel at high surface speed favours linear guides and higher rpm (slant bed).
• Tolerance and surface finish: Positioning repeatability of ±0.003 mm is achievable on linear guide slant beds; ±0.010 mm is realistic on entry flat beds with GSK control. Specify Cpk requirements to your supplier.
• Power supply audit: Confirm your shop has 380V 50Hz three-phase with neutral, or budget $800–$2,500 for a step-up/step-down transformer and motor reconnection. A 22 kW spindle plus 7.5 kW coolant pump draws 60A at full load.
• Batch size versus setup flexibility: Under 50 pieces, prioritise quick-change tooling and macro programming; above 1000 pieces, justify bar feeders, gantry loaders, or sub-spindle automation.

Price guidance at 2024 FOB China levels: entry flat bed CNC lathes with GSK control and 400 mm swing start near $18,000; mid-range slant bed 2-axis machines with FANUC or Siemens range $28,000–$45,000; turning centres with C/Y axis and live tooling run $50,000–$85,000; heavy duty flat beds above 1000 mm swing begin at $75,000 and scale to $250,000 depending on length and bore; Swiss-type machines range $120,000–$300,000; small VTLs under 1600 mm table start around $90,000, with large double-column machines exceeding $400,000.

Thông số kỹ thuật và cách đọc chúng

Tham số	Mức độ sơ cấp	Phân khúc tầm trung	Thông số kỹ thuật cao
Bed type	Flat bed	Slant bed 45°	Slant bed 60°
Max turning diameter	400 mm	500 mm	650 mm
Chiều dài quay tối đa	750 mm	1.000 mm	1.500 mm
Kích thước mũi khoan	200 mm (8″) hydraulic	250 mm (10″) hydraulic	315 mm (12″) hydraulic
Mũi trục	A2-6	A2-8	A2-11
Tốc độ trục chính	3.500 vòng/phút	3.000 vòng/phút	2.500 vòng/phút
Công suất trục chính	7,5 kW	11 kW	18.5 kW
Spindle torque	140 Nm	280 Nm	450 Nm
Hành trình trục X	220 mm	280 mm	350 mm
Hành trình trục Z	800 mm	1.050 mm	1.550 mm
Rapid traverse X/Z	20/24 m/phút	24/30 m/phút	30/36 m/min
Loại đường dẫn	Hardened box way, 400 mm width	Linear roller guide (HIWIN/PMI), 35 mm rail	Linear roller guide (HIWIN/PMI), 45 mm rail
Độ chính xác định vị	±0,015 mm	±0,010 mm	±0,008 mm
Độ lặp lại	±0,008 mm	±0.005 mm	±0,003 mm
Tool turret stations	8-position electric	12-position servo	12-position servo + live tooling
Thời gian thay dao	1.2 s	0.6 s	0.4 s
Live tooling speed	—	4000 rpm	6.000 vòng/phút
Live tooling power	—	3.7 kW	5,5 kW
Hệ thống điều khiển	GSK 980TDi / KND K2000Ti	FANUC 0i-TF / Siemens 828D	FANUC 31i-B / Mitsubishi M80
Điện áp nguồn	380 V, 50 Hz, 3 pha	380 V, 50 Hz, 3 pha	380 V, 50 Hz, 3 pha
Tổng công suất tải kết nối	15 kVA	25 kVA	40 kVA
Trọng lượng tịnh của máy	2800 kg	4.500 kg	7.500 kg
Floor space (L×W×H)	2800×1600×1800 mm	3500×1900×2000 mm	4800×2200×2200 mm
Casting grade	HT250	HT300	HT300, stress relieved
Approximate FOB range	$18,000–$28,000	$35,000–$55,000	$75,000–$120,000

How to Read Each Line of the Specification Sheet

Phạm vi hoạt động hoặc hành trình — X-axis is the cross-slide movement (diameter control); Z-axis is the carriage movement along the bed (length control). Match these to your largest part plus 20% clearance for tool approach. A shaft of 850 mm needs at least 1050 mm Z-travel.

Max turning diameter and length — These are the hard limits at the spindle centerline. Check the “swing over bed” versus “swing over carriage”; the latter is smaller because the tool post occupies space. For disc-type parts, diameter dominates. For shaft-type parts, length dominates.

Tốc độ trục chính và công suất — Higher rpm suits aluminum and small-diameter finishing. Higher torque at lower rpm suits stainless steel, cast iron, and heavy roughing. The 7.5 kW entry-level spindle stalls on 316 stainless above 3 mm depth of cut; 18.5 kW holds the cut.

Spindle taper or chuck size — A2-6, A2-8, A2-11 are standard spindle nose forms for direct chuck mounting. Larger numbers mean larger bolt circles and higher clamping force. Hydraulic chucks grip consistently at 25–70 bar; manual chucks are cheaper but slower and less repeatable.

Loại đường dẫn — Hardened box ways ( scraped or ground cast iron) damp vibration and carry heavy interrupted cuts. They wear-in over years and tolerate dirty coolant. Linear roller guides (HIWIN, PMI, THK) give higher rapid traverse and lower friction but demand cleaner coolant and show wear as lost accuracy, not as smooth operation. For batch production of steel parts, box ways often win. For aluminum and fast cycle times, linear guides win.

Rapid traverse and feed rate — Rapids are non-cutting positioning moves. On a job shop with frequent setups, 30 m/min versus 20 m/min saves measurable idle time per shift. Feed rates during cutting are typically 1/10 to 1/5 of rapid values, constrained by chip load and surface finish.

Độ chính xác và độ lặp lại của việc định vị — Positioning accuracy is the maximum deviation from commanded position anywhere in travel. Repeatability is the variation when returning to the same point. Repeatability matters more for batch consistency; accuracy matters for first-article correctness. Both are measured with laser interferometer per ISO 230-2, often at 20°C. Your shop’s thermal variation degrades these numbers.

Tool magazine capacity and change time — Turret lathes use indexable tool discs, not chain magazines. More stations reduce setup frequency. Live tooling (driven tools) enables milling, drilling, and tapping on the lathe face or periphery, eliminating second operations. Each live tool station adds $2,000–$4,000 to base price.

Hệ thống điều khiển — FANUC dominates global resale value and technician familiarity. Siemens 828D offers better conversational programming for shops without CAM. GSK and KND cut $4,000–$8,000 from machine cost but limit resale and require dedicated training. Mitsubishi M80 matches FANUC performance with stronger rigid tapping cycles.

Supply voltage and total connected load — 380V 50Hz is Chinese/European standard. North American 460V 60Hz or 220V 60Hz in some regions requires motor rewinding or a transformer. Connected load determines your electrical service upgrade cost. A 40 kVA machine needs 63A breaker and 25 mm² cable run.

Trọng lượng tịnh của máy và diện tích chiếm dụng — Weight correlates with rigidity and vibration damping. A 2800 kg machine chatters on interrupted cuts that a 7500 kg machine absorbs. Floor space includes maintenance access; allow 1 m clearance on all sides for chip removal and service.

Decision Framework: From Your Part to the Specification

Chất liệu determines spindle torque and thermal management:
– Aluminum and brass: High rpm, moderate torque, standard coolant
– Mild steel: Moderate rpm, moderate torque, standard coolant
– Stainless steel, Inconel, titanium: Low rpm, high torque, high-pressure coolant (70 bar), rigid machine base
– Cast iron: Moderate rpm, high torque, positive chip evacuation, enclosed guarding for dust

Maximum part size sets the non-negotiable travels:
– Record your largest existing part and your forecast largest part for the next five years
– Add 20% to diameter for chuck jaw clearance and tool clearance
– Add 150 mm to length for tailstock or part catcher clearance if needed

Tolerance requirement drives the control and mechanical grade:
– ±0.05 mm general machining: Entry level with GSK/KND, box ways acceptable
– ±0.02 mm precision: Mid range with FANUC/Siemens, linear guides, thermal compensation
– ±0.005 mm or IT6 fits: High specification with linear scales, spindle thermal monitoring, 0.003 mm repeatability

Batch size affects automation and changeover:
– 1–10 pieces, high variety: Quick tool preset, conversational control, manual chuck for flexibility
– 50–500 pieces: Hydraulic chuck, bar feeder interface, parts catcher, consistent cycle time
– 1000+ pieces: Full automation with gantry loader, probe for in-process measurement, automatic tool life monitoring

Shop power supply filters the electrical practicalities:
– 380V 50Hz available: Standard Chinese machine, no modification
– 220V 60Hz or 460V 60Hz: Specify motor winding, add $800–$1,500; or add step-up transformer ($2,000–$4,000) with 5–8% energy loss
– Limited service capacity: Entry level at 15 kVA avoids electrical upgrade; high specification at 40 kVA may need utility company involvement

Điều khoản thương mại và các vấn đề thực tiễn trong xuất khẩu

FOB (Giao hàng tại tàu) — Seller delivers machine to port of departure, cleared for export. Buyer pays ocean freight, insurance, and destination charges. RUNNEWTECH quotes FOB Qingdao or Shanghai as baseline. You control the shipping line and insurance terms.

CIF (Giá cước, bảo hiểm và cước vận chuyển) — Seller adds ocean freight and marine insurance to FOB price. Insurance typically covers 110% of CIF value against total loss or damage. Hidden risk: Destination port handling, customs clearance, and inland delivery remain buyer’s cost and coordination.

CFR (Giá cước và cước vận chuyển) — Seller pays freight to destination port; buyer arranges insurance. Rare in machinery because buyers prefer CIF or FOB.

EXW (Giao hàng tại xưởng) — Buyer collects from factory, handles all export clearance and transport. Lowest quoted price, highest buyer burden. Requires Chinese import/export license or agent. Not recommended for first-time buyers.

Điều khoản thanh toán — T/T (telegraphic transfer) is standard: 30% deposit with order, 70% before shipment. L/C (letter of credit) adds $400–$800 bank fees but gives documentary security; useful for first transactions or high-value orders. RUNNEWTECH accepts both; L/C requires 60-day lead time for documentation.

Mã HS — CNC lathes fall under 8458.11 (numerically controlled lathes). Correct classification determines import duty rate, which varies 0–15% by destination country and trade agreements. Verify with your customs broker before quoting.

Dấu CE — Indicates conformity with EU machinery directive 2006/42/EC. RUNNEWTECH provides CE technical file, declaration of conformity, and EC-type examination where applicable. CE is not a quality mark; it is a legal requirement for EU import. Non-EU destinations (Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa) may accept CE as evidence of safety compliance or require additional local certification.

Packing list and certificate of origin — Packing list details each crate’s contents, net/gross weight, and dimensions for customs and unloading planning. Certificate of origin (FORM A or CO) may reduce duty under trade agreements; request at order placement, not after shipment.

Danh sách kiểm tra các ứng viên lọt vào vòng chung kết

Trước khi yêu cầu báo giá cuối cùng, vui lòng xác nhận:
– [ ] Largest part diameter and length match machine travels with 20% margin
– [ ] Material and operation type (roughing/finishing/live tooling) match spindle torque and power curve
– [ ] Tolerance requirement matches positioning accuracy and repeatability, with thermal stability plan
– [ ] Batch size justifies automation level (hydraulic chuck, bar feeder, gantry loader)
– [ ] Power supply voltage, frequency, and available kVA match machine requirement or transformer budget is allocated
– [ ] Control system matches existing shop knowledge or training budget is allocated
– [ ] Guideway type matches coolant cleanliness maintenance capability and cutting load pattern
– [ ] Foundation load capacity exceeds machine weight plus workpiece weight at maximum extension
– [ ] Crane or forklift capacity at destination exceeds heaviest crate (typically 1.2× machine net weight)
– [ ] CE or required certification documentation is specified in purchase order
– [ ] Spare parts list (turret insert holders, chuck jaws, proximity sensors, ball screw bearings) priced and included or excluded
– [ ] Installation, leveling, and operator training days included in quote or priced separately

Giá máy tiện CNC và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá

Lớp	Phạm vi hoạt động thông thường hoặc công suất	Ví dụ về điều khiển hoặc nguồn	Giá FOB tham khảo (USD)
Entry-level flat bed CNC lathe	500 mm max turning diameter, 1000 mm length, 7.5 kW spindle	GSK 980TDi, KND K1000Ti	18,000 – 28,000
Máy tiện CNC bàn phẳng tầm trung	660 mm swing, 1500–3000 mm length, 11 kW spindle, A2-6	Siemens 808D, Mitsubishi M80	32,000 – 48,000
Slant bed turning center	400 mm max turning diameter, 650 mm length, 15 kW, 8-station turret	FANUC 0i-TF, Syntec 22TA	45,000 – 75,000
Heavy-duty flat bed CNC lathe	1000 mm swing, 5000 mm length, 22 kW, A2-8, 4-jaw chuck 400 mm	FANUC 0i-TF Plus, Siemens 828D	85,000 – 140,000
Twin-spindle live-tool turning center	Main/sub spindle 15 kW each, Y-axis, 12-station driven turret	FANUC 31i-B, Siemens 840D sl	120,000 – 200,000

Real Cost Structure From Factory Floor to Your Workshop

A CNC lathe shipped from China to a Southeast Asian or Middle Eastern port carries roughly 55–65% of its FOB value in physical machine content, with the remainder consumed by logistics, finance, and destination charges. Here is how the ex-works cost breaks down for a mid-range slant bed turning center with a FANUC 0i-TF package and an indicative FOB of 60,000 USD.

Casting and frame: 12–16% of ex-works. HT250 resin sand casting is standard for entry and mid-range machines; HT300 or Meehanite-grade castings add 8–15% to this line. Stress relief cycle—typically 72 hours for HT250 versus 120+ hours for HT300—determines dimensional stability over five years. A 500 mm swing slant bed machine in HT250 weighs roughly 3,200 kg; the same geometry in HT300 with ribbed reinforcement reaches 4,100 kg.

Rãnh dẫn hướng và trục vít bi: 8–12%. Hardened box ways with Turcite-B coating cost less and damp vibration better for interrupted cuts on cast iron or forged steel, but rapid traverse drops to 8–10 m/min. Linear roller guides from HIWIN or PMI raise rapid traverse to 20–30 m/min and reduce stick-slip for tight tolerance work, but add 20–25% to this category. C3 grade ground ball screws are standard; C5 grade (lower cost, looser lead error) appears in the cheapest configurations and shows up as 0.02–0.03 mm repeatability degradation after two years.

Spindle and drive package: 15–20%. A2-5 or A2-6 spindle cartridge with NSK or FAG bearings, 15 kW, 4,000 rpm, with hydraulic chuck and rotary cylinder. A2-8 spindles for heavy pipe or flange work jump to 22 kW, 2,000 rpm, and add roughly 40% here. Belt-driven spindles cost less than direct-drive or built-in motor spindles but impose torque drop-off at low rpm.

Hệ thống điều khiển và bộ servo: 18–28%. This is the first of the two largest single line items. FANUC 0i-TF with αi series servos and spindle drive typically runs 14,000–18,000 USD at OEM volume pricing. Siemens 828D with S120 drives is comparable; GSK 980TDi with servo package drops this to 4,000–6,000 USD. The delta in control cost explains why two machines with identical castings and travels can sit 10,000–15,000 USD apart on the quotation sheet.

Tool turret or tool post: 6–10%. 8-station electric turret with Haldex or Sauter internals, 1.2 s indexing. 12-station driven turret for live tooling adds 50–70%. Quick-change tool posts on flat bed lathes drop this to 2–3% but eliminate automated multi-tool sequencing.

Assembly labour and factory overhead: 5–8%. Includes scraping of box ways, ball screw alignment, spindle runout test to 0.005 mm TIR, and 24-hour burn-in. Factories with ISO-level process control spend more here; price-focused workshops compress this cycle.

Đóng gói xuất khẩu: 2–3%. Full sea-worthy crate with moisture barrier, silica gel, and steel banding for container loading. Machines over 6,000 kg may require flat-rack or break-bulk, tripling this figure.

Inland freight to port: 1–2%. From Yangzhou, Tengzhou, or Ningbo to Shanghai or Qingdao port.

Vận chuyển đường biển: 3–6% depending on destination. A 4,000 kg machine in a 40 HQ container to Jebel Ali or Lagos runs 2,500–4,500 USD; to Santos or Guayaquil, 3,500–6,000 USD. Flat-rack for oversized machines adds 30–50%.

Bảo hiểm: 0,3–0,5% giá trị CIF.

Thuế nhập khẩu và thuế giá trị gia tăng (VAT): Highly variable. 5–15% duty plus VAT in most Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern markets; up to 25% duty in some African and South American jurisdictions. CE documentation is standard from RUNNEWTECH; CO, Form E, or other preferential origin certificates must be requested at order stage to reduce duty exposure.

Customs clearance and terminal handling: 1,000–3,000 USD depending on port complexity.

Tại sao báo giá rẻ nhất lại rẻ hơn?

The lowest FOB quotation in any competitive tender normally reflects one or more of the following substitutions, which are rarely itemised transparently:

• Lighter casting grade: HT200 instead of HT250, or reduced wall thickness and rib count. Machine weight drops 15–20%, rigidity suffers, and chatter becomes visible on finish passes above 1.5 mm depth of cut.
• Lower-grade ball screw: Unbranded or C7 grade instead of C3 or C5. Lead error accumulates; a 500 mm Z-axis move can drift 0.04–0.06 mm over 12 months of thermal cycling.
• Unbranded linear guide: Domestic Chinese guide with 55CrMoV steel instead of German or Japanese equivalent. Surface hardness and roller consistency vary; premature pitting appears after 8,000–10,000 hours.
• Integrated control-servo package from a single budget vendor: GSK or KND with matched motors is functional and well-supported in China, but servo bandwidth and acceleration tuning for rigid tapping or C-axis interpolation lag FANUC or Siemens by a measurable margin. Cycle time on complex profiles extends 8–15%.
• Omitted features: No hydraulic tailstock, no chip conveyor, no coolant through tool, manual chuck instead of power chuck. Each omission is recoverable at 1,500–4,000 USD post-delivery.

So sánh chi phí vận hành trong 5 năm

Assume 2,000 operating hours per year, electricity at 0.10 USD/kWh, and aluminium/steel mixed production.

Loại chi phí	Entry-Level Flat Bed GSK Control	Mid-Range Slant Bed FANUC 0i-TF	Heavy-Duty Flat Bed Siemens 828D
Annual power consumption	22,000 kWh (7.5 kW spindle, no regenerative drive)	28,000 kWh (15 kW, regenerative servos)	38,000 kWh (22 kW, sustained load)
Annual electricity cost	2,200 USD	2.800 USD	3,800 USD
Insert and tooling (indexable, coated carbide)	3.500 USD/năm	4,200 USD/year	5,500 USD/year
Coolant and maintenance fluids	800 USD/year	1,000 USD/year	1,400 USD/year
Ball screw and guide replacement (year 4–5)	2,500–3,500 USD	1,200–1,800 USD (C3 grade, preventive)	2,000–3,000 USD (box way rescrape + screw)
Control/servo repair or board replacement	800–1,500 USD (domestic support, shorter lead time)	2,500–4,000 USD (FANUC parts, 2–3 week air freight)	2,200–3,500 USD (Siemens regional stock)
Expected unplanned downtime (hours/year)	45–70	20–35	30–50 (heavier wear items)
Estimated revenue loss at 50 USD/hour shop rate	2,250–3,500 USD/year	1,000–1,750 USD/year	1,500–2,500 USD/year

The entry-level machine saves 15,000–25,000 USD upfront but accumulates 8,000–14,000 USD in additional running and risk-adjusted cost over five years. The crossover point where FANUC or Siemens control reliability offsets premium pricing is typically 18–24 months in a multi-shift job shop environment.

Decision Framework: Map Your Part to Specification

Use this sequence to convert part requirements into a machine specification before requesting quotations.

Material and cut severity
– Aluminium, brass, free-machining steel: standard 7.5–11 kW spindle, coated carbide tooling, no special requirement.
– 4140, 4340, stainless 316, Inconel: minimum 15 kW, A2-6 or A2-8 spindle with high-torque low-rpm characteristic, ceramic or CBN insert capability. Box way or roller guide with high preload.

Maximum part size
– Swing over bed defines capacity. Add 100 mm clearance for chuck and tool holder. A 400 mm swing machine cannot safely turn a 380 mm flange with a 200 mm chuck installed.
– Length between centers or maximum turning length determines bed requirement. For shaft work, measure your longest part plus 150 mm for tailstock engagement and tool approach.

Tolerance and surface finish
– General turning ±0.05 mm: entry-level positioning accuracy 0.02 mm, repeatability 0.01 mm sufficient.
– Bearing seats, hydraulic cylinders, ±0.01 mm: require C3 ball screws, 0.005 mm repeatability, thermal compensation or coolant temperature control. Slant bed with 30° inclination aids chip evacuation and reduces thermal distortion.

Batch size and changeover frequency
– Batch size 1–10, frequent setups: driven tooling, Y-axis, and sub-spindle reduce second-operation handling. Justified above 50,000 USD machine investment only if annual part family volume exceeds 500 pieces.
– Batch size 100+: simple turret, bar feeder interface, and rapid traverse priority. Cycle time reduction of 10% pays back quickly.

Shop power supply
– 380V 50Hz three-phase is standard ex-factory. 220V 60Hz regions (parts of Southeast Asia, South America, North America residential) require a 30–50 kVA step-up transformer, roughly 2,500–4,500 USD installed. Specify at order; retrofitting transformer and reconfiguring servo parameters post-delivery costs 1,500–2,000 USD in technician time.

Shortlist Checklist Before Requesting Quotations

• [ ] Maximum swing and turning length confirmed with 15% margin for future work
• [ ] Spindle power and rpm matched to material removal rate, not just catalogue peak
• [ ] Control brand and servo generation specified (e.g., FANUC 0i-TF, not “FANUC system”)
• [ ] Ball screw grade stated (C3, C5, or C7) and guideway brand named
• [ ] Machine weight noted; cross-check against casting grade and expected rigidity
• [ ] Power supply voltage, frequency, and phase confirmed; transformer requirement clarified
• [ ] Tool turret station count and indexing time stated; live tooling and C-axis if needed
• [ ] Foundation drawing, levelling specification, and crane/forklift capacity for unloading provided by supplier
• [ ] Installation, operator training, and first-year spare parts package included or priced separately
• [ ] CE marking and conformity documentation confirmed for destination customs clearance

All figures are indicative based on RUNNEWTECH’s 2024–2025 export pricing structure and are not binding quotations. Final pricing depends on real-time component costs, currency, and shipping rates at order confirmation.

Các ứng dụng trong công nghiệp của máy tiện CNC

Lĩnh vực	Các bộ phận tiêu biểu được sản xuất	Thông số kỹ thuật đề xuất	Tại sao chiếc máy này lại phù hợp
Phụ tùng ô tô và xe máy	Brake discs, camshafts, wheel hubs, piston rods, drive shafts	Flat bed CNC lathe, 750 mm max turning diameter, 1500 mm max turning length, A2-8 spindle nose, 11 kW spindle motor, 2000 rpm, 0.008 mm positioning accuracy, FANUC 0i-TF control, HT300 casting, 4500 kg machine weight	High torque at low rpm handles interrupted cuts on cast iron; flat bed design accepts heavy fixtures for shaft work; A2-8 nose accommodates 380 mm chucks for disc-type parts
Máy móc nông nghiệp	Gear blanks, axle housings, hydraulic cylinder rods, pulley hubs, bearing seats	Slant bed CNC lathe, 520 mm max turning diameter, 1000 mm max turning length, A2-6 spindle nose, 7.5 kW spindle, 3500 rpm, linear roller guideways (HIWIN/PMI), 0.006 mm repeatability, GSK 980TDi or KND control	Slant bed configuration improves chip evacuation in dusty environments; linear guides maintain accuracy despite temperature swings in unheated shops; 30° bed angle aids gravity chip removal
Phụ kiện thủy lực và khí nén	Cylinder barrels, piston rods, valve bodies, connector threads, port adapters	Slant bed CNC lathe with C-axis and live tooling, 360 mm max turning diameter, 650 mm max turning length, A2-5 nose, 5.5 kW main spindle, 4000 rpm, 0.005 mm repeatability, Syntec or Mitsubishi control	Live tooling eliminates second-operation milling on hex faces and cross-holes; C-axis positioning to 0.001° enables precise port drilling; compact footprint suits high-mix low-volume fitting production
Khớp nối cho ngành dầu khí	API thread couplings, drill pipe tool joints, valve bonnets, flange adapters	Flat bed CNC lathe, 1000 mm swing over bed, 3000 mm between centers, A2-11 spindle nose, 22 kW spindle, 800 rpm, hardened box ways, 0.01 mm positioning accuracy, Siemens 828D or FANUC 0i-TF	Box ways absorb heavy cutting loads on alloy steel; extended bed supports long pipe threading; low rpm high torque matches API thread cutting requirements; 6000 kg machine weight dampens vibration
Công nghệ khuôn mẫu	Core pins, ejector sleeves, gate inserts, mould cavities, punch blanks	Slant bed CNC lathe with sub-spindle and Y-axis, 400 mm max turning diameter, 550 mm max turning length, A2-6 nose, 11 kW main / 5.5 kW sub-spindle, 6000 rpm, 0.004 mm repeatability, linear guides, FANUC 0i-TF	Sub-spindle completes back-end operations without reclamping; Y-axis off-center milling machines flat faces and keyways; high rpm finish-turns hardened H13 and P20 steels to mirror surface requirements
Trung tâm Đào tạo Kỹ thuật	Student practice shafts, thread exercises, taper turning projects, CNC programming samples	Flat bed CNC lathe, 500 mm max turning diameter, 1000 mm max turning length, A2-6 nose, 5.5 kW spindle, 2500 rpm, GSK 980TDi control, 0.01 mm positioning accuracy, 3200 kg weight, 380V 50Hz standard	GSK control reduces software licensing costs for multiple machines; flat bed visibility aids instructor demonstration; HT250 casting withstands student crashes; simple manual handwheel operation teaches fundamentals before full CNC

Phụ tùng ô tô và xe máy

Automotive production demands machines that handle both ferrous and non-ferrous materials across batch sizes from 50 to 10,000 pieces. A flat bed CNC lathe with 750 mm swing and A2-8 spindle nose accommodates 380 mm three-jaw chucks for brake disc finishing. The 11 kW spindle delivers 2000 rpm maximum with constant torque through 800 rpm, matching the low-speed heavy cuts required for cast iron camshaft roughing. Positioning accuracy of 0.008 mm suffices for most automotive tolerances; tighter requirements move to cylindrical grinding in a second operation. FANUC 0i-TF controls dominate this sector for their widespread technician familiarity and parts program portability between suppliers. Machine weight of 4500 kg on HT300 castings provides the damping needed for interrupted cuts on sand-cast blanks. For motorcycle parts—smaller diameters, higher rpm—specify a 360 mm swing slant bed at 4000 rpm with A2-5 nose and 5.5 kW spindle.

Máy móc nông nghiệp

Farm equipment manufacturers operate in environments with wide temperature swings and often unheated shops. The slant bed configuration at 30° or 45° bed angle uses gravity to clear chips, reducing manual intervention and coolant contamination in dusty conditions. Linear roller guideways from HIWIN or PMI maintain preload better than box ways through thermal expansion cycles, though they carry less shock load capacity. A 520 mm swing machine with 7.5 kW spindle and 3500 rpm covers gear blanks to 400 mm diameter and hydraulic cylinder rods to 1000 mm length. GSK 980TDi or KND controls reduce acquisition cost by 30-40% versus FANUC while providing adequate threading and macro programming for agricultural part families. Repeatability of 0.006 mm matches the ISO IT8-IT9 tolerances common in this sector. Specify IP54 electrical cabinet sealing minimum.

Phụ kiện thủy lực và khí nén

Fitting production mixes turning, drilling, and milling in single setups to avoid concentricity errors between machined features. A slant bed lathe with C-axis indexing and live tooling eliminates secondary operations on hexagonal wrench flats, cross-drilled lubrication ports, and BSP/NPT thread relief grooves. The C-axis resolution to 0.001° positions drill spindles for port machining at compound angles. Typical specification: 360 mm swing, 650 mm length, A2-5 nose for 200 mm collet chucks, 5.5 kW main spindle at 4000 rpm. Syntec controls integrate live tooling logic cleanly; Mitsubishi offers robust servo hardware for high-frequency tool indexing. Cycle time reduction of 40-60% versus two-machine operation justifies the 25-35% machine price premium. Live tooling turrets accept ER32 or ER40 collets; specify torque rating at 12 Nm minimum for stainless steel fitting bodies.

Oil and Gas Coupling

API specification threads on drill pipe couplings require rigid setups, slow threading speeds, and precise lead control. The flat bed design with hardened box ways supports the 22 kW spindle and 800 rpm maximum through heavy interrupted cuts on alloy steel forgings. Box way machines at 6000 kg weight absorb vibration that would chatter thread forms on linear-guide lathes. Extended beds to 3000 mm between centers hold pipe lengths for single-setup threading; steady rests at mid-span prevent whip on 114 mm diameter pipe. Siemens 828D includes canned cycles for API round and buttress threads; FANUC 0i-TF requires custom macro development. Positioning accuracy of 0.01 mm is acceptable because final thread inspection uses ring gauges, not machine feedback. Specify flood coolant at 20 bar pressure minimum for chip breaking in deep holes.

Công nghệ khuôn mẫu

Mould components require geometric tolerances to 0.01 mm and surface finishes to Ra 0.4 µm on hardened steels to 52 HRC. The slant bed lathe with sub-spindle and Y-axis completes core pins and ejector sleeves without reclamping, maintaining concentricity between OD turning and internal boring. Sub-spindle power of 5.5 kW at 6000 rpm handles small-diameter finish work while the 11 kW main spindle roughs. Y-axis travel of ±25 mm enables flat milling and keyway cutting with driven tools. Linear guides support the rapid traverse to 30 m/min needed for non-cutting positioning between detailed features. FANUC 0i-TF with nanometer-scale interpolation aids surface finish. Repeatability of 0.004 mm ensures cavity dimensions repeat across 20-piece mould sets. Machine weight 3800 kg minimum for stability during finish passes.

Trung tâm Đào tạo Kỹ thuật

Training machines must demonstrate fundamental operations—facing, turning, tapering, threading—while introducing CNC programming without excessive software cost. The flat bed configuration provides visual access for instructors and students; the open bed shows tool engagement clearly. GSK 980TDi controls at roughly one-third FANUC licensing cost allow facilities to purchase six machines versus four, increasing student throughput. Specification: 500 mm swing, 1000 mm length, A2-6 nose, 5.5 kW spindle at 2500 rpm, 0.01 mm positioning accuracy. Manual handwheel mode teaches coordinate concepts before full program execution. HT250 casting at 3200 kg weight survives tooling crashes and improper feeds common in learning environments. Standard 380V 50Hz supply avoids transformer complexity. Specify safety interlocks on chuck and tailstock operation.

Shortlist Checklist by Decision Factor

Part material: Cast iron and heavy steel → flat bed, box ways, A2-8 or larger nose; Aluminum and stainless → slant bed, linear guides, higher rpm; Hardened mould steels → sub-spindle, Y-axis, 6000 rpm capability.

Maximum part size: Under 300 mm diameter × 500 mm length → compact slant bed, A2-5, 5.5 kW; 300-600 mm × 1000-1500 mm → mid-size flat or slant bed, A2-6/A2-8, 7.5-11 kW; Over 600 mm or over 2000 mm length → heavy flat bed, A2-11, 15 kW minimum, box ways.

Tolerance requirement: IT10 or looser → standard 0.01 mm positioning; IT8-IT9 → 0.006 mm repeatability, linear guides; IT7 or finer → 0.004 mm, thermal compensation, consider grinding add-on.

Batch size: 1-50 pieces → quick-change tooling, program storage capacity, live tooling to reduce setups; 500-5000 pieces → dedicated fixtures, bar feeder compatibility, A2-6 for 250 mm chucks; 10,000+ → consider gantry-loaded twin spindle or transfer line integration.

Shop power supply: 380V 50Hz three-phase → standard Chinese specification, no transformer; 220V 60Hz or 415V 50Hz → specify transformer, verify motor derating; single-phase unavailable above 3 kW spindle—upgrade supply or select different machine class.

Hướng dẫn từng bước về đặt hàng và nhập khẩu

The three mistakes that most often leave a delivered CNC lathe sitting idle are easy to prevent with one-line fixes:

• Wrong supply voltage or frequency: Confirm your shop delivers 380V 50Hz three-phase or 220V 60Hz three-phase before signing the purchase order; order a transformer with the machine if they do not match.
• Working range too small for the actual part: Measure your largest existing part’s swing over bed and maximum length, then add 20% to both dimensions for chuck and tool clearance.
• No documentation, backup or consumable source: Require electrical schematics, parameter backups on USB, and a named local supplier for inserts, pull studs, and drive belts before the deposit leaves your account.

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Define the Workpiece Envelope and Tolerance

Start with the part, not the machine. Record the maximum swing diameter you actually cut, the maximum length between centers or chuck face, and the tightest tolerance you must hold repeatedly.

Part Characteristic	Specification Driver	Dòng máy tiện CNC tiêu biểu
Max swing over bed	Bed width and carriage height	400 mm to 800 mm
Chiều dài quay tối đa	Hành trình trục Z	Từ 500 mm đến 3000 mm
Bar work diameter	Lỗ trục chính	52 mm to 105 mm
Tolerance ±0.01 mm	Positioning accuracy ≤0.015 mm, repeatability ≤0.005 mm	Linear roller guideways preferred
Tolerance ±0.05 mm	Positioning accuracy ≤0.02 mm acceptable	Hardened box ways sufficient

Batch size drives the fixture and automation decision. Under 50 pieces: manual chuck, quick-change tool post. 200–2000 pieces: hydraulic chuck with foot pedal, parts catcher. Above 2000 pieces: consider bar feeder interface, even if not purchased immediately.

Material matters for spindle power and speed. Aluminum and brass need 3500–4500 rpm and lower torque. Stainless steel and Inconel need 2000–3000 rpm with 7.5–11 kW continuous spindle power. Cast iron and medium carbon steel sit in the middle: 2500–3500 rpm, 5.5–7.5 kW.

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Choose the Control System and Service Path

The control system determines who can repair your machine when it stops at 2 AM.

Kiểm soát	Typical Availability	Các yếu tố cần xem xét về dịch vụ	Price Position
FANUC 0i-TF	Global	Dealer network in most countries; parts within 48 hours in major cities	Higher
Siemens 828D	Europe, Middle East, Southeast Asia	Strong in Eastern Europe; requires Siemens-certified technician	Higher
Mitsubishi M80	Đông Nam Á, Nhật Bản	Good in ASEAN; weaker in Africa and South America	Mid
GSK 980TDi	China, Africa, Southeast Asia	Factory-direct support from RUNNEWTECH; local technician training provided	Lower
KND K2000Ti	Trung Quốc, các thị trường mới nổi	Similar to GSK; verify spare PLC and I/O module stock locally	Lower
Syntec 22TA	Taiwan, Southeast Asia	Strong in ASEAN job shops; English manuals standard	Mid

If your shop has no FANUC or Siemens technician within 200 km, budget $3,000–$5,000 for factory training or choose GSK/KND with RUNNEWTECH-provided installation training. Request the PLC ladder diagram in editable format, not PDF, if you plan to modify interlocks later.

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Confirm Electrical Supply and Transformer Need

Record these four parameters from your shop’s main panel before ordering:

1. Điện áp: 380V 50Hz three-phase (IEC standard) or 220V 60Hz three-phase (North America, parts of Japan, some Caribbean)
2. Giai đoạn: Three-phase, never single-phase for CNC lathes above 3 kW spindle
3. Tần số: 50 Hz or 60 Hz; affects spindle motor cooling fan speed and control system clock
4. Available amperage: Machine plus coolant pump, chip conveyor, hydraulic unit; typically 25–40 A at 380V

If your shop is 220V 60Hz and the machine is built for 380V 50Hz, a step-up transformer is mandatory. Size it at 1.25× the machine’s total connected load. A 15 kW lathe with 5 kW coolant and hydraulics needs 25 kVA minimum, 30–35 kVA recommended. Transformer weight: 80–150 kg; include in unloading plan.

Some controls accept 50/60 Hz automatically. FANUC and Siemens generally do. GSK and KND may need parameter changes or a control-specific transformer—confirm in writing on the quotation.

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Check Floor Loading Foundation and Floor Space

CNC lathe mass concentrates on four leveling pads. Calculate floor loading:

Kích thước máy	Trọng lượng tịnh	Footprint (L × W)	Point Load per Pad
6″ chuck, 500 mm swing	2.500 kg	2,500 mm × 1,500 mm	~6,250 N on 150 mm² pad
8″ chuck, 650 mm swing	4,000 kg	3,200 mm × 1,700 mm	~10,000 N on 200 mm² pad
10″ chuck, 800 mm swing	6,500 kg	4,500 mm × 2,000 mm	~16,250 N on 250 mm² pad

Upper-floor installations in older industrial buildings: verify slab rating, typically 5–10 kN/m². A 6,500 kg machine on a 9 m² footprint exceeds 7 kN/m²; consult a structural engineer or relocate to ground floor.

Foundation requirement: 100–150 mm reinforced concrete pad, level to 0.02 mm/m, with anchor bolt sleeves or epoxy-grouted studs. Allow 1,000 mm clearance on operator side, 800 mm on rear for service. Ceiling height: 3,000 mm minimum for overhead crane clearance.

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Xác nhận dấu chứng nhận sự phù hợp cho hải quan

Determine what marking your customs authority accepts as proof of safety compliance:

• Dấu CE: Required for import into EU member states, EFTA countries, Turkey, and increasingly Middle Eastern customs (UAE, Saudi Arabia as baseline for SASO). Request Declaration of Conformity and technical file summary.
• EAC marking: Required for Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan.
• No marking: Acceptable in some Southeast Asian and African markets, but verify with your customs broker—requirements change without public notice.

Ask the supplier: “Will you provide the conformity certificate number and the notified body or self-certification route before shipment?” Do not accept “CE ready” or “CE compliant” without documentation. Customs holds without valid paperwork run $200–$500 per day demurrage.

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So sánh FOB và CIF

Thuật ngữ	What Supplier Pays	What You Pay	Risk Transfer	Best For
FOB (Giao hàng tại tàu)	Delivery to port, export clearance, loading onto vessel	Ocean freight, marine insurance, destination port charges, customs clearance, inland delivery	When goods cross ship’s rail at origin port	Experienced importers with freight forwarder relationships
CIF (Giá cước, bảo hiểm và cước vận chuyển)	Delivery to port, export clearance, ocean freight, minimum marine insurance	Destination port charges, customs clearance, inland delivery, any insurance shortfall	Same as FOB—insurance claim is your problem if damage occurs	First-time importers or markets with limited forwarder options

CIF adds 5–15% to machine price for freight. For a $35,000 lathe, expect $2,500–$5,500 CIF premium to major ports. Always purchase additional all-risk marine insurance; CIF minimum cover is 110% of invoice value but excludes mechanical damage from improper lashing.

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Loại container và giới hạn trọng lượng máy móc

Trọng lượng máy	Container Type	Internal Dimensions	Weight Limit	Ghi chú
Under 2,200 kg	20′ GP	5,900 × 2,350 × 2,390 mm	21,700 kg payload	Lathe on skid, possibly with chip conveyor removed
2,200–4,500 kg	20′ OT (Open Top) or 40′ GP	12,030 × 2,350 × 2,390 mm	26,680 kg payload (40′)	Tailstock and coolant tank often shipped separately; crane loading required
4,500–8,000 kg	40′ FR (Flat Rack)	12,080 × 2,430 × 2,100 mm (collapsible)	45,000 kg total	Secured with chains and twist-locks; most secure for heavy machines
Above 8,000 kg	Breakbulk or RO-RO	Vessel deck space	Không áp dụng	Separate ocean freight quotation; longer transit

Machinery over 3,500 kg in a 40′ container approaches axle weight limits for road transport in many countries. Check your inland route: European Union allows 11,500 kg per axle for standard trucks; some African and Southeast Asian markets limit to 8,000 kg. Overweight permits add cost and delay.

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Deposit and Balance Payment Terms

Standard structure for machinery from Chinese manufacturers:

1. 30% deposit with order confirmation and signed technical specification
2. 70% balance against copy of Bill of Lading, or after factory acceptance test (FAT), or after arrival at destination port

Preferred: balance after FAT with video verification, before shipment. This requires you or your agent to attend FAT or delegate to a third-party inspector (SGS, Bureau Veritas, ~$800–$1,500 per visit).

Letter of Credit (L/C) at sight: adds $400–$800 bank fees, protects both parties for first-time transactions. Avoid 100% advance payment unless supplier is a verified long-term partner with performance bond.

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Factory Acceptance Test Before Balance Payment

Request these verifications during FAT, with video recording:

• Circular test bar: 300 mm length, 50 mm diameter, run at 80% max spindle speed. Measure runout at three positions: ≤0.010 mm for general purpose, ≤0.005 mm for precision grade.
• Positioning accuracy: Laser interferometer or ballbar test per ISO 230-2. X and Z positioning accuracy ≤0.015 mm, repeatability ≤0.005 mm.
• Spindle warmup: 30 minutes at 3,000 rpm, thermal drift on test bar ≤0.020 mm.
• All axis rapid traverse: X-axis 20–30 m/min, Z-axis 24–36 m/min, sustained without alarm.
• Tool changer or turret index: 12-station turret, 0.3–0.6 s per station, all stations repeat to ±0.003 mm.
• Control system backup: Parameter file exported to USB, electrical schematic printed and digital, PLC ladder provided in editable format.

Refuse shipment if FAT fails two consecutive attempts on critical items. Define “critical” in the purchase order: positioning accuracy, repeatability, spindle runout, control system functionality.

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Thiết bị dỡ hàng tại điểm đến

Trọng lượng máy	Thiết bị tối thiểu	Capacity Margin
Dưới 2.500 kg	Forklift with forks	1.5× machine weight, 4,000 kg forklift
2,500–6,000 kg	Forklift with forks or telehandler	1.5× machine weight, 10,000 kg forklift
6,000–12,000 kg	Crane (overhead or mobile) with lifting beam	1.25× machine weight, certified slings
Above 12,000 kg	Mobile crane with spreader beam	Engineer’s lift plan required

Check container unloading: if machine ships in a 40′ GP, you need a ramp or dock leveler and forklift with 4,000 mm fork length, or a crane to lift from open-top container. Flat rack unloading requires mobile crane with 15 m boom minimum.

Inspect for shipping damage before signing the delivery receipt. Photograph any rust, impact marks, or oil leaks. Concealed damage claims require notification to carrier within 72 hours in most jurisdictions.

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Lắp đặt và Đào tạo nhân viên vận hành

Installation sequence, typically 3–5 days:

1. Day 1: Unload, position, level with precision level (0.02 mm/m), grout anchor bolts if required.
2. Day 2: Connect power, air, coolant; verify phase rotation with meter; install transformer if applicable.
3. Day 3: Load parameters from backup, reference return all axes, spindle orientation test, tool presetting.
4. Day 4–5: Cut test piece (typically a stepped shaft with threading), measure, adjust tool offsets, train operators on program upload, editing, and alarm recovery.

Training scope to specify in order: minimum 40 hours on-machine for two operators, covering part programming (G-code or conversational), tool setup, preventive maintenance (grease points, coolant concentration, chip conveyor), and first-level troubleshooting (alarm codes, limit switch checks, fuse replacement).

Request training materials in English or local language: operator manual, maintenance manual, electrical schematic, parts list with exploded views.

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Gói phụ tùng và vật tư tiêu hao ban đầu

Budget 3–5% of machine purchase price for initial spares. Minimum package:

Danh mục	Các mặt hàng	Quantity	Purpose
Tooling	External turning inserts, threading inserts, grooving inserts	10 each	First month production without waiting for import
Trục chính	Pull studs (if BT or similar taper), spindle bearings	2 studs, 1 bearing set	Critical failure item, 4–6 week lead time
Điện	Fuses, contactors, servo motor encoder cables	2 each	First-level repair capability
Hydraulics	Chuck seal kit, hydraulic filter	1 kit, 3 filters	Annual maintenance
Coolant	Coolant pump seal, chip conveyor belt links	1 seal, 10 links	Common wear items
Tài liệu hướng dẫn	Parameter backup USB, PLC program backup, electrical schematic	2 sets	Disaster recovery

Confirm consumable availability locally: inserts (Sandvik, Kennametal, Mitsubishi Carbide distributors), hydraulic oil (ISO VG 46, locally sourced), way oil (ISO VG 68). If no local insert supplier exists for your tool holder system (DIN 69880, VDI, or bolt-on), order 50 inserts with the machine.

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Danh sách kiểm tra các ứng viên lọt vào vòng chung kết

Before final supplier selection, verify:

1. Maximum part swing and length fit within machine specifications with 20% margin
2. Tolerance requirement matches positioning accuracy and repeatability on quotation
3. Control system has service technician within acceptable travel distance
4. Shop voltage, frequency, phase match machine nameplate; transformer quoted if needed
5. Floor loading and space verified; foundation plan provided by supplier
6. Conformity marking confirmed for destination customs
7. Incoterms defined: FOB or CIF with port named
8. Container type and weight limits checked against inland transport route
9. Payment terms include FAT before balance or acceptable L/C structure
10. FAT criteria defined in purchase order with pass/fail thresholds
11. Unloading equipment capacity confirmed and reserved
12. Installation and training hours specified in contract
13. Spare parts package quoted and consumable local source identified
14. Electrical schematic, parameter backup, and PLC program delivery guaranteed in editable format

Price range for RUNNEWTECH CNC lathes by category: flat bed CNC lathe with GSK control, 6″ chuck, 500 mm swing, 750 mm length, approximately $18,000–$28,000 FOB; slant bed CNC lathe with FANUC 0i-TF, 8″ chuck, 650 mm swing, 1,000 mm length, linear guides, approximately $35,000–$55,000 FOB; heavy duty flat bed with 1,000 mm swing, 3,000 mm length, Siemens 828D, hardened box ways, approximately $65,000–$95,000 FOB. Final price depends on chuck size, spindle bore, tailstock configuration, and automation options.

Các câu hỏi thường gặp về máy tiện CNC

Câu hỏi: Số lượng đặt hàng tối thiểu cho một máy tiện CNC là bao nhiêu?

Chúng tôi chấp nhận đơn đặt hàng từng chiếc đối với tất cả các mẫu máy tiêu chuẩn. Các máy tiện CNC bàn phẳng có đường kính quay từ 500 mm đến 1000 mm và các mẫu máy tiện CNC bàn nghiêng có khả năng gia công thanh từ 36 đến 52 mm sẽ được giao dưới dạng từng máy riêng lẻ. Giảm giá khi gom hàng vào container áp dụng khi có từ ba đơn vị cho container 20 GP hoặc sáu đơn vị cho container 40 HQ. Các yêu cầu kỹ thuật tùy chỉnh không bị áp dụng mức phạt do không đạt số lượng đặt hàng tối thiểu (MOQ).

Q: Which control systems are available and what interface languages are supported?

Các model FANUC 0i-TF Plus, Siemens 828D, Mitsubishi M80, GSK 980TDi, KND K2000TF và Syntec 21TB hiện có sẵn trong kho. Các giao diện tiếng Anh, tiếng Tây Ban Nha, tiếng Nga, tiếng Ả Rập và tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ đã được cài đặt sẵn. Sổ tay thông số kỹ thuật và sơ đồ ladder được cung cấp bằng ngôn ngữ đã chọn. Việc lựa chọn hệ thống điều khiển sẽ làm tăng chi phí cơ bản của máy từ 8–15% tùy thuộc vào việc chọn FANUC hoặc Siemens so với GSK hoặc KND.

Câu hỏi: Thời gian xử lý đơn hàng từ khi đặt hàng đến khi giao hàng thường là bao lâu?

Standard flat bed CNC lathes with GSK control ship in 15–20 days. Slant bed models with FANUC or Siemens require 25–35 days. Custom spindle bore, turret configurations, or automated bar feeders extend to 45–55 days. Peak demand months (March–May, September–November) add 7–10 days. Factory slot confirmation requires 30% deposit.

Q: What are the payment terms?

30%: Thanh toán bằng chuyển khoản (TT) để xác nhận sản xuất; 70%: Thanh toán bằng chuyển khoản (TT) số tiền còn lại trước khi giao hàng. Chấp nhận thư tín dụng thanh toán ngay (Sight Letter of Credit) cho các đơn hàng trị giá trên $50.000 USD. Các đại lý máy móc có khối lượng giao dịch hàng năm ổn định có thể thương lượng điều kiện thanh toán 20/80 sau khi hoàn thành hai đơn hàng. Không áp dụng hình thức bán hàng ký gửi hoặc thanh toán hoãn lại đối với khách hàng mua lần đầu.

Q: Can the machine run on our local power supply?

Standard configuration is 380V 50Hz three-phase. 220V 60Hz (North America, parts of Southeast Asia) requires a step-up transformer, typically 30–50 kVA for flat bed models and 15–25 kVA for slant bed machines. Transformer cost ranges $800–$2,500 depending on local regulation quality. Specify voltage tolerance ±10% and frequency at order stage; factory pre-configures motor windings and contactor coils.

Câu hỏi: Máy được vận chuyển như thế nào và thời gian vận chuyển là bao lâu?

Flat bed CNC lathes 500 mm swing (net weight 2,800–3,500 kg) load one per 20 GP container. Larger 750–1,000 mm swing machines or multiple units require 40 HQ. Slant bed models under 2,000 kg allow two units per 20 GP with removed tailstocks. Transit time: 18–25 days to Southeast Asian ports, 30–40 days to Middle East, 35–45 days to Africa and South America, 25–30 days to Eastern Europe. CIF terms standard; FOB Qingdao available.

Q: What warranty and spare parts support is provided?

Bảo hành 12 tháng cho các bộ phận cơ khí và điện tử kể từ ngày trên vận đơn. Bảo hành hệ thống điều khiển tuân theo các điều khoản của nhà sản xuất: FANUC và Siemens cung cấp bảo hành linh kiện trong 24 tháng thông qua mạng lưới dịch vụ toàn cầu của họ. Gói phụ tùng thay thế quan trọng — giá đỡ dao trên tháp dao, vòng bi trục chính, bộ mã hóa, công tắc tiệm cận, cầu chì — được giao kèm máy với số lượng từ $800 đến $1.500 tùy thuộc vào số trạm trên tháp dao. Phụ tùng sau thời hạn bảo hành sẽ được giao trong vòng 72 giờ từ kho tại Qingdao hoặc Dubai.

Câu hỏi: Có cung cấp kết quả kiểm tra nghiệm thu tại nhà máy và tài liệu chứng nhận độ chính xác không?

Đúng vậy. Mỗi máy đều được thực hiện kiểm tra bằng thanh bi và xác minh bằng máy đo giao thoa laser. Độ chính xác định vị 0,015 mm/300 mm và độ lặp lại 0,008 mm được ghi nhận trên các mẫu máy có bàn phẳng với đường dẫn hộp được tôi cứng; độ chính xác định vị 0,010 mm/300 mm và độ lặp lại 0,005 mm trên các mẫu máy có bàn nghiêng với thanh dẫn con lăn tuyến tính HIWIN. Báo cáo thử nghiệm, Tuyên bố CE và Giấy chứng nhận phù hợp gốc được gửi kèm theo hồ sơ. Chấp nhận kiểm tra có sự chứng kiến tại nhà máy (tùy chọn); người mua chịu chi phí đi lại và ăn ở.

Câu hỏi: Máy có đi kèm dịch vụ lắp đặt và đào tạo vận hành không?

Installation and commissioning included under CIF terms: one technician for 5–7 days, covering leveling, geometric alignment, spindle runout verification, and parametric programming for buyer’s first article. Training covers G-code, tool offset, work coordinate setup, and maintenance scheduling. Interpreter provided for English, Spanish, or Russian. Additional technician days at $180/day plus lodging. Remote diagnostic support via Ethernet port standard on FANUC, Siemens, Syntec controls.

Q: What tolerance can your CNC lathe hold on my material?

Trên thép carbon và gang: Có thể đạt được dung sai đường kính ±0,01 mm trong môi trường ổn định với loại mũi cắt phù hợp. Thép không gỉ 304/316: ±0,015 mm do hiện tượng làm cứng do gia công; giảm độ sâu cắt xuống 0,5–1,0 mm và tốc độ trục chính xuống 60% so với mức tối đa định mức. Nhôm: ±0,008 mm với dao phay được mài sắc và chất làm mát áp suất cao. Các số liệu về độ lặp lại giả định các điều kiện thử nghiệm theo tiêu chuẩn ISO 230-2; dung sai thực tế tại xưởng giảm 30–50% nếu nền móng kém hoặc nhiệt độ dao động trên 5°C.

Q: What are the annual consumables costs?

Insert cost dominates: $2,500–$4,000/year for moderate production (2,000 hours) using coated carbide. Hydraulic oil 46#: 80 liters initial fill, $180; annual replacement $120. Way lubrication oil: $90/year. Coolant concentrate: $600/year at 6% mix ratio. Turret index mechanism maintenance: $400 every 8,000 hours. Spindle belt replacement: $220 at 10,000 hours. Budget $4,500–$7,000 annually for a single-shift operation.

Câu hỏi: Quý công ty có thể cung cấp hồ sơ chứng nhận CE để làm thủ tục thông quan không?

CE machinery directive 2006/42/EC compliance declaration, EC-type examination certificate for electrical components, and EN 60204-1 safety of machinery electrical equipment report provided. Harmonized code 8458.11.00 for horizontal lathes. Technical construction file available for customs inspection upon request. Note: CE marking is affixed at factory; importer responsibility applies for in-country electrical inspection in some jurisdictions. No additional certification cost for standard export documentation.

Thông báo quan trọng

Mua máy tiện CNC từ RUNNEWTECH

Once you have mapped your part requirements to the specification framework above, the remaining step is to verify that your supplier can deliver a machine configured for your exact conditions rather than forcing you to adapt to a stock configuration.

Why Source CNC Lathes from RUNNEWTECH

Runlongjia Machinery, founded in 2010, has manufactured and exported metalworking machinery for more than 15 years. The RUNNEWTECH product range covers flat bed CNC lathes, slant bed CNC lathes, CNC machining centers, and complementary equipment including CNC fiber laser cutting machines and conventional lathes. This breadth matters when you are equipping a complete shop and prefer consolidated sourcing with compatible control architectures.

Configuration and Export Readiness

RUNNEWTECH builds CNC lathes with control options spanning FANUC, Siemens, Mitsubishi, GSK, KND, and Syntec. Voltage and frequency are adapted to your local supply—380V 50Hz, 220V 60Hz, or other—without forcing an external transformer purchase unless your facility specifically requires isolation. Machines are run-in and factory acceptance tested before packing. Each unit ships in plywood cases with rust protection, quoted FOB or CIF to your destination port.

Post-Delivery Support

The standard package includes installation guidance, operator training material, remote commissioning support, and spare parts availability. For a 500 mm swing flat bed CNC lathe with HT300 casting, linear roller guideways, and A2-6 spindle nose, expect a net weight near 3,200 kg and plan your unloading crane or forklift accordingly. Slant bed machines with 12-station turrets and 36 mm bar capacity typically run 2,800–4,500 kg depending on bed length and tailstock configuration.

Request Your Specification Match

Send your workpiece material, maximum part diameter and length, required tolerance, target batch size, and destination port to RUNNEWTECH via email or the runnewtech.com contact form. You will receive a configured quotation within 24 hours.